What is the purpose of a complaint in civil litigation?

The primary purpose of a complaint in civil litigation is to outline the plaintiff's claims against the defendant and specify the relief sought. This document serves as the foundational pleading that initiates a lawsuit. It provides the defendant with clear information regarding the nature of the claims, the facts supporting those claims, and what the plaintiff is asking the court to do, whether it is for monetary damages, specific performance, or another form of relief.

The complaint must contain factual allegations that make up the basis of the lawsuit, and it establishes the court's jurisdiction over the matter. This clarity is essential for the defendant, who needs to understand the allegations being made to formulate an appropriate response and defense.

In contrast to the other choices, the complaint does not serve to notify the defendant of their legal rights directly, nor does it calculate damages or provide evidence. While evidence may be referenced, it is not contained within the complaint, as that would typically come later in the litigation process during discovery and trial. Thus, the correct function of the complaint is to articulate the plaintiff's position and the legal narrative of the case.