What can trigger a lawsuit in civil law?

A lawsuit in civil law can be triggered by any perceived injustice or harm, which encompasses a wide range of situations. In civil law, individuals or entities may seek legal recourse when they believe they have suffered damage or injury due to another party's actions or omissions. This harm can be physical, emotional, or financial, and it must be perceived as unfair or wrongful to initiate legal proceedings.

For instance, if a person is injured due to someone else's negligence, they may perceive this as an injustice warranting a lawsuit to seek compensation for their injuries. Similarly, if an individual faces discrimination or defamation, these perceived harms can also lead to civil litigation. The essence of civil law revolves around addressing grievances and providing remedies for perceived wrongs, making the second option the correct trigger for initiating a lawsuit.

In contrast, a verbal disagreement alone typically does not constitute a basis for a lawsuit unless it escalates to a point where tangible harm occurs. Changes in government policy may affect legal rights but do not directly trigger a civil lawsuit unless they result in specific actionable harm. The failure of a company to innovate might reflect poor business strategy, but this does not inherently lead to a civil lawsuit unless it results in harm to consumers, employees, or stakeholders.